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The child at risk in Private and Public Law
Hanuš, Daniel ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
The child at risk in Private and Public Law Abstract This dissertation thesis deals with the issue of the child at risk in private and public law. The aim is to define the historical, theoretical, content, and practical level of the term "child at risk" and related concepts in a variety of disciplinary insights, as they are embedded in private and public law in the Czech Republic in interrelated contexts and meanings. In addition, this thesis also presents particular findings in the light of the discussed disciplines. Furthermore, the content is focused on the definition of related professional interdisciplinary contexts and their legal embedding in substantive and procedural law. The methodological context of the professional legal approach to the examination of the chosen issue is not left out either. The theory of the child at risk, including basic categories, is also presented including the context of selected specific legal branches and their framework of legal protection provided to the minor persons. This thesis also reflects particular life situations in which the child may experience a risk, and identifies how these situations are reflected in the content of the Czech legal system (private and public law), international law and jurisprudence. The analysis, presentation and possible evaluation of de...
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The child at risk in Private and Public Law
Hanuš, Daniel ; Macková, Alena (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee) ; Psutka, Jindřich (referee)
The child at risk in Private and Public Law Abstract This dissertation thesis deals with the issue of the child at risk in private and public law. The aim is to define the historical, theoretical, content, and practical level of the term "child at risk" and related concepts in a variety of disciplinary insights, as they are embedded in private and public law in the Czech Republic in interrelated contexts and meanings. In addition, this thesis also presents particular findings in the light of the discussed disciplines. Furthermore, the content is focused on the definition of related professional interdisciplinary contexts and their legal embedding in substantive and procedural law. The methodological context of the professional legal approach to the examination of the chosen issue is not left out either. The theory of the child at risk, including basic categories, is also presented including the context of selected specific legal branches and their framework of legal protection provided to the minor persons. This thesis also reflects particular life situations in which the child may experience a risk, and identifies how these situations are reflected in the content of the Czech legal system (private and public law), international law and jurisprudence. The analysis, presentation and possible evaluation of de...
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Data mining and aspects of private law
Procházka, Lukáš ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zvára, Michael (referee)
Data mining and aspects of private law Abstract Data is the new oil. As oil can be transformed into valuable products data can be transformed into information about our customers, competitors, contractual partners or audience. No matter whether online advertisements, recommender systems, internet search engines, so- called personalisation is ever-present. As of now, neither private nor public law provides throughout regulation of data and its exploitation. Some might say that words, data and information are interchangeable. This applies particularly to older regulations of the European Union such as GDPR. However, data and information are two very distinct yet connected terms. Besides that, in the first chapter we elaborate on the concept of data mining, its methods and utilization. In the second chapter we point out relevant regulation within private law, including regulation of the European Union and its pursuit of fairness in access and use of data. Furthermore, we evaluate suitability and sufficiency of the current state of regulation and suggest changes and amendments. We focus on personal data, intellectual property rights and anti-competitive practices. Some might argue that as of now there are no sufficient provisions ensuring transparent use of data. In the third chapter we evaluate whether current...
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Relationship Between Private and Public Law: Past and Present
Šafránková, Anna ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Relationship Between Private and Public Law: Past and Present Abstract This dissertation addresses the dualism of private and public law from Roman times to the present. It focuses on developments in the content of these concepts in a historical context. The dissertation examines primary sources from Roman law and highlights the significant difference between the distinction between private and public law in Roman law and later misinterpretations of the same. Particular attention is paid to the approach legal science takes to private and public law through the various phases of reception of Roman law, noting the political circumstances that led to the use of the dual concepts of ius publicum and ius privatum from Roman law as well as the change in content of those concepts. The dissertation compares the main differences between modern society and the earlier social system, especially with reference to the socio-legal structure of relationships. It describes the modern ideological sources of values on which modern society is based and traces the ways these values are reflected in modern legal systems. Constitutionalism, emphasis on the legal code as the written source of law, the concept of natural rights, and the concept of the legal state (Rechtsstaat) all made their mark on private and public law in...
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The principles of private law
Čermák, Dalibor ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
The Principles of Private Law In my thesis I occupied myself mainly with representative principles that master private law and that should lead to the implementation of the idea of justice as an ultimate goal of a legal set of rules in general. Despite of Sisyphean character of this task and impossibility of reaching it, there is nothing that can discourage from trying it again and again. I would like to admit that this attempt was at least ambitious and meaningful. Inability of perfect recognition "an sich" turns attention into extralegal sources of information, such as ethics, political sciences, sociology, economy and the head of all sciences - philosophy. This thesis also reflects intuitive approach to the principles of private law as a result of dependency on my personal preferences and cited sources and their authors (which also reflects my own disposition). The main issue was a function of the principles of private law in the normative set of rules. These principles make an important place in the normative set of rules as they form its limits. We can hardly imagine its "commission" without such principles of private law. They protect the integrity and the compactness, because Czech private law is nowadays extremely heterogeneous complex of rules. According to the restriction mentioned in the...
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The impact of altered realtions upon the duration of an obligation
Raffaiová, Markéta ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
1. Summary The Influence of a Change of Circumstances on the Existence of an Obligation The purpose of my thesis is to present a brief outline of the problems concerning the impact of the change of circumstances on the existence of an obligation. The leading principle looking into this issue is the rebus sic stantibus principle. This principle can be considered as the opposite of the contemporary major contract rule worshipped by most of the European states and thus legal systems, the pacta sunt servanda principle. This principle, meaning the necessity of putting emphasis on the performance, is at present the fundamental principle of contract law of the Czech republic too. However, day-to-day life creates situations, in which the strict compliance with this principle can be in conradiction with justice and the contractor's expectations of the fairness of the law. The rebus sic stantibus principle is presently applied usually only to rare specific cases, the question, whether it should be allowed to terminate the contract under a essential change of the circumstances to all contracts in general, is an object of long-term discussions among many legal experts and legislators. This thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the essentialy changed circumstances (also...
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Employee's liability for damage caused to the employer
Volková, Petra ; Štangová, Věra (referee) ; Brádlerová, Libuše (referee)
Employee's liability for damage caused to the employer Abstract My rigorosum thesis deals with the issue of "Employee's liability for damage caused to the employer". My main motivation to choose this topic is to the fact because it is connected with every individual of working age, exactlier said - with every employee. Legal regulation of employee's liability for damage caused to the employer undoubtedly belongs to the most important areas of labour law. The above mentioned issue is highly topical. The high topicality is presented by a high number of judicial decisions of courts of all instances. It is clear that not only in the judicial decisions of general courts but also in the judicial decisions of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic dealing with the employee's liability for damage caused to the employer is increasing. In my rigorosum thesis I focus first and foremost on the analysis of legal regulation of employee's liability for damage caused to the employer as well as on the closest legal matter connected with the main issue of this rigorosum thesis. I also deal with the matter of application of the legal regulation in legal practice mostly based on judicial decisions of the general courts of all instances as well as judicial decisions of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic. I analyse the...
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Good Faith in private obligations
Baier, Jaroslav ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
in English, key words Title: Good Faith in private obligations Abstract: In this thesis, the importance of the "good faith" in Czech private law and its role after recodification of Czech private law is being studied. The thesis is divided into three key parts. In the first two parts part, we deal with good faith as an open texture, consider the question whether it is a legal principle or not and in the third part, we study the relationship of good faith to selected institutes of Czech private law. The Civil Code significantly reinforces the role of open textures in order to allow for flexibility in an application of a legal norm, and good faith plays an important role in this context. Furthermore, we deal with two aspects of good faith, in the objective and subjective sense. Whilst many academicians see good faith in an objective sense as a standard of conduct in the framework of which everyone must exercise their rights and duties, good faith in its subjective sense is understood by some of the academicians as a state of mind that is endowed with legal protection. In this thesis, we present our view in the sense that we consider good faith as a combination of the two approaches outlined above. We draw this conclusion on the argument that in order to assess whether a person is in good faith or...
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Unilateral set-off
Veselý, Martin ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
The subject of the diploma thesis is the legal institute of one-sided credit and comparison of its adjustment from several levels; comparison of legislation in the Civil and Commercial Code, comparison with the Czech version, which in 2012, after the recodification of private law, underwent a fundamental change, thus deviating from the modification until then identical with the Slovak Republic and last but not least with the proposal of a common frame of reference as a unifying platforms for the convergence of the private law adjustments of individual Member States of the European Union. The aim of this work is not only to describe the differences in the legislative approach to adapt this institute across the above mentioned levels, a description of the evolution of this legal regulation, but also the definition of lege de ferenda. The work points to the need for a change in the adaptation of this institute; in particular, the need for a clear definition of the conditions for offsetting the outstanding claim, including the moment of its effect. Only in this way will the legal regulation more converge with the requirements of unifying the platform of the common frame of reference, thus eliminating current interpretative discrepancies or imperfections in the case law. In the lege de ferenda...
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Private law instruments of environmental protection
Vévoda, Jan ; Derlich, Stanislav (referee)
Private law instruments of environmental protection Abstract Private law deals primarily with the regulation of relations between individuals and the protection of their individual rights, whether personal or property. The aim of this dissertation is therefore to determine whether and how the instruments of private law can be used to protect the environment. For this purpose, an analysis of the relevant private law institutes has been carried out, such as the protection of the personality, neighbourhood law, and the prevention and compensation of damage, which are the most important means of protecting the rights of an individual. Protection of personality in private law is primarily designed to protect the life, health and privacy, but it is useful to indirectly protect the environment from the effects that these values threaten, as shown by extensive decision-making practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The right to live in a favourable environment is a new institute in Czech civil law, which could have a great potential for environmental protection purposes, but it still lacks a more detailed regulation and there is also no case law. Neighbourhood law serves to protect the real estate owners against the disruptive effects of the activities of their neighbours. These are referred to as imissions...
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